Mathematics

Advanced Mathematics 6 is a course for sixth grade students who are transitioning from the emphasis placed on whole number arithmetic in elementary school to the foundations of algebra. The course focuses on the development of problem-solving skills and the acquisition of mathematical vocabulary and symbols. The active engagement of students along with the use of manipulatives (i.e. number lines, fractions circles, algebra tiles, and two-color counters) and technology, such as the Desmos calculator and Chromebooks, will allow students to develop an understanding of the mathematical principles they are learning. Facility in the use of technology will not be a substitute for students' understanding of quantitative concepts and proficiency in basic computations.

Advanced Mathematics 7 is a course for seventh grade students that extends concepts and skills learned in Advanced Math 6 and prepares students for more abstract concepts in algebra and geometry. The course focuses on computation with rational numbers and the use of proportions to solve a variety of problems. Facility in the use of technology will not be a substitute for students' understanding of quantitative concepts and proficiency in basic computations. The course objectives provide a solid foundation for Algebra I.

Mathematics 7 is a course for seventh grade students that builds upon the skills learned in previous grades. The course focuses on the development of problem-solving skills and the acquisition of mathematical vocabulary and symbols. Facility in the use of technology will not be a substitute for students' understanding of quantitative concepts and proficiency in basic computations.

Mathematics 8 is a course for eighth grade students that extends concepts and skills from previous grades and prepares students for the more abstract concepts in algebra. The course focuses on the development of problem-solving skills and the acquisition of mathematical vocabulary and symbols. Facility in the use of technology will not be a substitute for students' understanding of quantitative concepts and proficiency in basic computations.

Algebra I Part 1 is designed to help students understand the basic structure of algebra and acquire proficiency in applying algebraic concepts and skills in authentic situations. The course focuses on the development of problem-solving skills and the acquisition of mathematical vocabulary and symbols. The active engagement of students along with the use of manipulatives and technology, such the Desmos as calculator, computers, and spreadsheets, will allow students to develop an understanding of the mathematical principles they are learning. Facility in the use of technology will not be a substitute for students' understanding of quantitative concepts and proficiency in computations. Students will engage in mathematical discourse with the teacher and other students. Students cannot receive credit for both Algebra I (MA3130) and Algebra I Honors (MA 3220).

Algebra I is designed to help students understand the basic structure of algebra and acquire proficiency in applying algebraic concepts and skills in authentic situations. The course focuses on the development of problem-solving skills and the acquisition of mathematical vocabulary and symbols. The active engagement of students along with the use of manipulatives and technology, such as the Desmos calculator, computers, and spreadsheets, will allow students to develop an understanding of the mathematical principles they are learning. Facility in the use of technology will not be a substitute for students' understanding of quantitative concepts and proficiency in computations. Students will engage in mathematical discourse with the teacher and other students. Students cannot receive credit for both Algebra I (MA3130) and Algebra I Honors (MA 3220).

The course offers students the opportunity to collect and analyze univariate and bivariate data using a variety of statistical and analytical tools. They will learn to use functional algebra and statistics, allowing for the possibility of standardizing and analyzing data through the use of mathematical models. Students will solve problems that require the formulation of linear, quadratic, exponential or logarithmic equations or a system of equations. They will also use transformational graphing and the regression capabilities of graphing calculators to find regression equations. The infusion of technology (graphing calculator and/or computer software) in this course will assist in modeling and investigating functions and data analysis.

Algebra II is designed to continue the study of topics explored in Algebra I. Topics include complex numbers; functions and graphs; systems of equations and inequalities; polynomial, logarithmic and exponential functions and equations; sequences and series. Graphing calculators are used to enhance the understanding of realistic applications through mathematical modeling and to aid in the investigation and study of functions, equations and inequalities. Students may take the Standards of Learning (SOL) test for Algebra II. Students cannot receive credit for both Algebra II and Algebra II/Trigonometry (MA3137).

Algebra II/Trigonometry is designed to continue the study of topics explored in Algebra I. Topics include complex numbers; functions and graphs; systems of equations and inequalities; polynomial, logarithmic and exponential functions and equations; and sequences and series. Topics from trigonometry include circular functions, graphs and applications. Graphing calculators are used to enhance the understanding of realistic applications through mathematical modeling and to aid in the investigation and study of functions, equations and inequalities. Students may take the Standards of Learning (SOL) test for Algebra II. Students cannot receive credit for both Algebra II/Trigonometry and Algebra II (MA3135).

Mathematics 6 is a course for sixth grade students who are transitioning from the emphasis placed on whole number arithmetic in elementary school to a more in-depth study of rational numbers and the primary foundations of algebra. The course focuses on the development of problem-solving skills and the acquisition of mathematical vocabulary and symbols. The active engagement of students along with the use of manipulatives (i.e. number lines, fractions circles, algebra tiles, and two-color counters) and technology, such as the Desmos calculator and Chromebooks, will allow students to develop an understanding of the mathematical principles they are learning. Facility in the use of technology will not be a substitute for students' understanding of quantitative concepts and proficiency in basic computations.

Geometry is designed to help students understand the basic structure of geometry and apply geometric concepts and skills in authentic situations. The course focuses on the development of problem-solving skills and the acquisition of mathematical vocabulary and symbols. The active engagement of students along with the use of manipulatives and technology, such as computer programs and calculators, will allow students to develop an understanding of the geometric principles they are learning. Topics include reasoning and proof, lines and their relationships, triangles and their relationships, and polygons and quadrilaterals. Students will gain an appreciation of the structure of geometry and develop powers of spatial visualization. Students enrolled in this course may need to take the Geometry End-of-Course test. Students cannot receive credit for both Geometry (MA 3143) and Geometry Honors (MA 3225).

This course is designed to be equivalent to a first semester introductory college computing course. Students will develop computational thinking vital for success across all disciplines, such as using computational tools to analyze and study data and working with large data sets to analyze, visualize and draw conclusions from trends. The course is unique in its focus on fostering student creativity. Students are encouraged to apply creative processes when developing computational artifacts and to think creatively while using computer software and other technology to explore questions that interest them. They will also develop effective communication and collaborative skills, working individually and collaboratively to solve problems.

This year-long course is designed to introduce students to the fundamentals of programming using a variety of tools. Although students may have had previous computer experience, no programming knowledge is assumed. Students will be introduced to problem-solving and programming concepts using Alice, a three- dimensional graphics-oriented programming environment. Through Alice, students will be introduced to the object-oriented computer programming paradigm used by many modern programming languages.

This course is a study of differentiation and integration techniques with an emphasis on applications. It is equivalent to first-year calculus courses offered by many colleges and is designed for students who have completed four years of mathematics in the advanced studies program. Topics meet the requirements set forth in the syllabus of the College Board.

AP Calculus BC is more rigorous than AP Calculus AB. It meets the requirements set forth in the syllabus of the College Board. Topics include differentiation and integration techniques; vector functions and parametric equations; polar graphs and area bounded by polar curves; length of a path; work as an integral; improper integrals; and sequences and series. A satisfactory grade on the Advanced Placement BC test usually receives more college credit than a similar grade on the AB test.

This Java-based, introductory college-level course is geared toward a more object-oriented style of programming. The course meets the requirements set forth in the syllabus of the College Board. Topics include computer systems, object-oriented program design concepts and implementation, classes, strings, arrays, recursion, data structures and analysis of algorithms. Standard Java classes and methods will be used.

Students study the major concepts and tools for collecting, analyzing, and drawing conclusions from data. This course is taught on the college level and the topics meet the requirements set forth in the syllabus of the College Board. Inferential and diagnostic methods are applied to data, and probability is used to describe confidence intervals.

Discrete Mathematics offers methods of problem solving which are not normally found in the algebra, geometry, trigonometry, or mathematical analysis courses. Problems in the area of management science such as modeling problems with graphs, scheduling, designing efficient delivery routes and optimization are emphasized along with social decision- making topics including fair division. Probability and Statistics provides an understanding of the kinds of regularity that occur in random functions and provides experiences in associating probabilistic mathematical models with phenomena in the real world. Topics include averages, measures of variation, frequency distributions and probability functions associated with random variables, binomial distributions, sampling, the normal curve, and statistical methods available for decision making.

Pre-Algebra is a course for sixth grade students who exhibit high mathematical ability and achievement and is designed to prepare students for Algebra I Honors in grade 7. The course focuses on the development of problem-solving skills and the acquisition of mathematical vocabulary and symbols. The active engagement of students along with the use of manipulatives (i.e. number lines, fractions circles, algebra tiles, and two-color counters) and technology, such as the Desmos calculator and Chromebooks, will allow students to develop an understanding of the mathematical principles they are learning. Facility in the use of technology will not be a substitute for students' understanding of quantitative concepts and proficiency in basic computations.

Algebra I Honors is a mathematics course for students who exhibit high mathematical ability and achievement. The course is designed to prepare students for Scientific, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields. The course focuses on the development of problem-solving skills and the acquisition of mathematical vocabulary and symbols. Facility in the use of technology will not be a substitute for students' understanding of quantitative concepts and proficiency in computations. Students enrolled in this course will take the Algebra I End-of-Course test. Students cannot receive credit for both Algebra I Honors (MA3220) and Algebra I (MA3130).

Geometry Honors is a mathematics course for students who exhibit high mathematical ability and achievement. The course is designed to prepare students for Scientific, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) fields. The course focuses on the development of problem-solving skills and the acquisition of mathematical vocabulary and symbols. Students will gain an appreciation of the structure of geometry and develop powers of spatial visualization. Students enrolled in this course may need to take the Geometry End-of-Course test. Students cannot receive credit for both Geometry Honors (MA3225) and Geometry (MA3232).

The course will augment skills in applied mathematical concepts through mathematical investigations targeting outcomes defined in Virginia's College and Career Ready Mathematics Performance Expectations (MPE). Students will research, collect and analyze data; develop and support ideas and conjectures; investigate, evaluate and incorporate appropriate resources; and determine appropriate problem-solving approaches and decision-making algorithms in a variety of real world contexts and applied settings. This is a year-long course that will count as one elective mathematics credit for graduation.

Trigonometry complements Algebra II by providing preparation for typical college mathematics courses below the level of calculus. The course offers a thorough treatment of trigonometric and circular functions. Graphs and properties of the six functions are presented in depth. Other topics include trigonometric equations, inverse trigonometric functions, and identities, solutions of triangles and applications of trigonometry. Probability and Statistics provides an understanding of the kinds of regularity that occur in random functions and provides experiences in associating probabilistic mathematical models with phenomena in the real world. Topics include averages, measures of variation, frequency distributions and probability functions associated with random variables, binomial distributions, sampling, the normal curve, and statistical methods available for decision making.

This rigorous course extends concepts of intermediate algebra while introducing various topics of college algebra. Topics include functions, conic sections, theory of equations, matrices, sequences and series, polar coordinates, exponential and logarithmic functions and limits. Topics of trigonometry are extended.

Through the use of open-source technology tools, students will identify and explore problems that involve the use of relational database concepts and data-intensive computing to find solutions and make generalizations. Students will engage in a data science problem-solving structure to interact with large data sets as a means to formulate problems, collect and clean data, visualize data, model using data, and communicate effectively about data formulated solutions

Online Algebra II/Trigonometry contains the same content, and bears the same credit, as its face-to-face counterpart. This version of the course is delivered entirely online using the Virginia Beach Digital Campus platform. Specialized computer skills and platform familiarity are developed during the Online Orientation which is part of the course. Information about the nature of Online Learning, the necessary computer equipment, and other aspects of this opportunity can be found on the VBSchools.com Web page at the Distance Learning link on the Programs drop-down menu.

Online Geometry Honors contains the same content, and bears the same credit, as its face-to-face counter-part. This version of the course is delivered entirely online using the Virginia Beach Digital Campus platform. Specialized computer skills and platform familiarity are developed during the Online Orientation which is part of the course. Information about the nature of Online Learning, the necessary computer equipment, and other aspects of this opportunity can be found on the VBSchools.com Web page at the Distance Learning link on the Programs drop-down menu. Students enrolled in this course will take the Geometry Part 2 End-of-Course Test. Students cannot receive credit for both Geometry Honors (MA 3225) and Geometry Parts 1 and 2 (MA 3221 and MA 3223).

Elementary Statistics is a dual enrollment, one semester course providing the successful student with three college semester credits and one-half Virginia Beach City Public Schools (VBCPS) elective credit. The course presents elementary statistical methods and concepts including descriptive statistics, estimation, hypothesis testing, linear regression and categorical data analysis.